Pick Your Topic, Find Your Antibody
Apoptosis
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Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is regulated by a variety of proteins, including cell surface receptors, adaptors, proteases and mitochondrial components. Mutations of these proteins may tip the balance, resulting in the uncontrolled survival and proliferation of cancer cells.
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Therefore, the study of cancer depends on having a reliable source of validated antibodies for apoptosis proteins. Apoptosis involves processes including DNA damage (mutation), caspase activation, mitochondrial pathways, phosphatidylserine translocation, and annexin V binding. Merck offers a wide selection of validated antibodies for apoptosis-related proteins and associated proteins.
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Autophagy
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Autophagy is a highly regulated homeostatic degradative process in which cells destroy and recycle their own components via the lysosomal machinery.
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This process is associated with a diverse range of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, aging, cancers and autoimmune diseases. On one hand, autophagy may induce cell death by degrading essential components; on the other hand, it may facilitate survival of cancer cells under unfavorable metabolic conditions or allow cancer cells to survive chemotherapy by employing a protective autophagic process. Merck provides validated antibodies against key proteins of the autophagy signaling pathway, including LC3, various ATG family members, and more.
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Angiogenesis
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Angiogenesis, the development of new capillary blood vessels and vascular networks, is rare in adult tissues. In tumors, dysregulated signaling and hypoxic conditions lead to sustained, almost uncontrolled angiogenesis.
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Antibodies for angiogenesis proteins are useful for distinguishing tumor from non-tumor, because of the multiple differences between tumor angiogenesis and normal blood vessel formation. Merck has a variety of antibodies, inhibitors, proteins and kits to study angiogenesis, whether you want to induce or inhibit the formation of new blood vessels.
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Metastasis
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Metastasis results from multiple changes in tumor cells and their microenvironment.
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Such changes enable tumor cells to invade tissue (invasion), enter blood vessels (intravasation), circulate to new locations, exit blood vessels (extravasation), form new tumors, and establish new blood supply (angiogenesis). Merck has a robust portfolio of validated antibodies and assay kits to advance your cancer research and to investigate the mechanisms underlying metastasis.
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Cancer
Stem Cells
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Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells that have stem cell capabilities and can self-renew, generate diverse cells in the tumor mass, and sustain tumor growth.
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Cancer may be the result of mutation induced proliferative abilities in normal stem cells. CSCs may thus drive tumor progression and recurrence, even after treatments such as chemotherapy have been administered. Stem cells display a specific set of proteins that allow their detection and separation from differentiated cells. Merck provides validated antibodies against key cancer stem cell proteins, including, Notch, Wnt, Shh, Oct-4, Sox-2, Nanog and more.
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Explore the 10 hallmarks of cancer in the Cancer Research Tools guide. 
Our top published complementing primary and secondary antibodies