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  • Role of histone modifications in marking and activating genes through mitosis. 16199528

    The global inhibition of transcription at the mitotic phase of the cell cycle occurs together with the general displacement of transcription factors from the mitotic chromatin. Nevertheless, the DNase- and potassium permanganate-hypersensitive sites are maintained on potentially active promoters during mitosis, helping to mark active genes at this stage of the cell cycle. Our study focuses on the role of histone acetylation and H3 (Lys-4) methylation in the maintenance of the competency of these active genes during mitosis. To this end we have analyzed histone modifications across the promoters and coding regions of constitutively active, inducible, and inactive genes in mitotic arrested cells. Our results show that basal histone modifications are maintained during mitosis at promoters and coding regions of the active and inducible RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. In addition we have demonstrated that, together with H3 acetylation and H3 (Lys-4) methylation, H4 (Lys-12) acetylation at the coding regions contributes to the formation of a stable mark on active genes at this stage of the cell cycle. Finally, analysis of cyclin B1 gene activation during mitosis revealed that the former occurs with a strong increase of H3 (Lys-4) trimethylation but not H3 or H4 acetylation, suggesting that histone methyltransferases are active during this stage. These data demonstrate a critical role of histone acetylation and H3 (Lys-4) methylation during mitosis in marking and activating genes during the mitotic stage of the cell cycle.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    Múltiplo
    Nombre del producto:
    Múltiplo

  • LINC00037 Inhibits Proliferation of Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells in an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Dependent Way. 29393141

    LINC00037 has previously been reported to be up-regulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), however, the underlying mechanism remained unknown. In this study, we designed to investigate the functional role of LINC00037 in ccRCC Methods: LINC00037 knockdown and re-expressing 786-O and A498 cells were established. CCK8 assay and EdU assay were performed to evaluate the proliferation rates of ccRCC cells. Flow cytometry assay was performed to detect the cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Subcutaneous injection xenotransplantation mouse model was used to observe the role of LINC00037 in tumor growth in vivo. Mass spectrometry (MS) was performed to find the interacting partner of LINC00037 and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) was carried out to validate their interaction.We found that knockdown of LINC00037 resulted in inhibited cell proliferation with activated apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Over-expression of LINC00037 in LINC00037 knockdown cells restored and enhanced cell proliferation. In vivo mouse model indicated reduced tumor progression by LINC00037 depletion and promoted tumor progression by LINC00037 overexpression. LINC00037 could bind to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and increase the protein level of EGFR.LINC00037 could inhibit proliferation of ccRCC in an epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent way.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    17-700
    Nombre del producto:
    Magna RIP™ RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation Kit

  • Thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and testosterone suppress proliferation and induce markers of differentiation in cultured rat sertoli cells. 12933640

    This study uses a high purity cell culture system to extend previous observations of factors controlling the end of the Sertoli cell proliferative phase. Thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, and testosterone were assessed for their ability to halt the proliferative phase and regulate the expression of markers associated with maturation of the Sertoli cell. We show that these hormones share similar suppressive effects on the rate of Sertoli cell division without any apparent additive effects. We demonstrate that these hormones induce the progressive accumulation of cell cycle inhibitors p27Kip1 and p21Cip1 in Sertoli cells, a likely regulatory mechanism controlling the suppression of proliferation. We used real-time RT-PCR to examine the effects of these factors on the expression of mRNA encoding the Id proteins, demonstrating an increase in Id2 and Id3 expression in Sertoli cells treated with thyroid hormone, retinoic acid, or testosterone. Finally, we examined the expression of a number of genes that have been implicated in the Sertoli cell differentiation process. Our results suggest that these hormones can induce aspects of Sertoli cell differentiation in vitro, providing a valuable in vitro model for studying Sertoli cell function.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    MAB3408
    Nombre del producto:
    Anti-Tubulin Antibody, beta, clone KMX-1

  • R-Roscovitine (Seliciclib) prevents DNA damage-induced cyclin A1 upregulation and hinders non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair. 20684776

    CDK-inhibitors can diminish transcriptional levels of cell cycle-related cyclins through the inhibition of E2F family members and CDK7 and 9. Cyclin A1, an E2F-independent cyclin, is strongly upregulated under genotoxic conditions and functionally was shown to increase NHEJ activity. Cyclin A1 outcompetes with cyclin A2 for CDK2 binding, possibly redirecting its activity towards DNA repair. To see if we could therapeutically block this switch, we analyzed the effects of the CDK-inhibitor R-Roscovitine on the expression levels of cyclin A1 under genotoxic stress and observed subsequent DNA damage and repair mechanisms.We found that R-Roscovitine alone was unable to alter cyclin A1 transcriptional levels, however it was able to reduce protein expression through a proteosome-dependent mechanism. When combined with DNA damaging agents, R-Roscovitine was able to prevent the DNA damage-induced upregulation of cyclin A1 on a transcriptional and post-transcriptional level. This, moreover resulted in a significant decrease in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) paired with an increase in DNA DSBs and overall DNA damage over time. Furthermore, microarray analysis demonstrated that R-Roscovitine affected DNA repair mechanisms in a more global fashion.Our data reveal a new mechanism of action for R-Roscovitine on DNA repair through the inhibition of the molecular switch between cyclin A family members under genotoxic conditions resulting in reduced NHEJ capability.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    05-636
    Nombre del producto:
    Anti-phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) Antibody, clone JBW301

  • Involvement of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta signaling and aberrant nucleocytoplasmic localization of retinoblastoma protein in tumor promotion in a rat two-stage thyroi ... 19505811

    To investigate the cell cycle kinetics during the tumor promotion process induced by hypothyroidism in a rat model of thyroid follicular cell carcinogenesis, immunohistochemical analysis of cell cycle molecules and related signaling molecules was performed in conjunction with analysis of cell proliferation activity in an initiation-promotion model. Male F344 rats were injected with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine, and one week later treated with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) at 12ppm in the drinking water for 4, 10 or 15 weeks. At each time point, proliferative lesions increased the expression of cyclin A, cyclin D, cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk)-2, in association with the development of lesion stages from the early focal hyperplasia to the late carcinoma, while a subpopulation of proliferative lesions showed decreased numbers of both cell division cycle-2- and Ki-67-positive cells at week 15 compared with that at week 10, suggesting a reduced promoting effect of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone in the sensitive cellular population after long-term exposure to PTU. On the other hand, increased immunolocalization of phosphorylated and inactive glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta was observed in a subpopulation of proliferative lesions, in parallel with the cyclins and Cdk2. Nuclear immunoreactivity of phosphorylated and inactive retinoblastoma (Rb) protein was also increased in association with lesion development, with carcinomas showing increased cytoplasmic localization. The results suggest that proliferative lesions activate the cell cycle machinery following tumor promotion via a regulatory mechanism involving inactivation of GSK3beta and Rb protein, the latter signaling mechanism involving its aberrant nucleocytoplasmic transport for the acquisition of a malignant phenotype.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    06-137

  • PLK-1 asymmetry contributes to asynchronous cell division of C. elegans embryos. 18305005

    Acquisition of lineage-specific cell cycle duration is an important feature of metazoan development. In Caenorhabditis elegans, differences in cell cycle duration are already apparent in two-cell stage embryos, when the larger anterior blastomere AB divides before the smaller posterior blastomere P1. This time difference is under the control of anterior-posterior (A-P) polarity cues set by the PAR proteins. The mechanisms by which these cues regulate the cell cycle machinery differentially in AB and P1 are incompletely understood. Previous work established that retardation of P1 cell division is due in part to preferential activation of an ATL-1/CHK-1 dependent checkpoint in P1, but how the remaining time difference is controlled is not known. Here, we establish that differential timing relies also on a mechanism that promotes mitosis onset preferentially in AB. The polo-like kinase PLK-1, a positive regulator of mitotic entry, is distributed in an asymmetric manner in two-cell stage embryos, with more protein present in AB than in P1. We find that PLK-1 asymmetry is regulated by A-P polarity cues through preferential protein retention in the embryo anterior. Importantly, mild inactivation of plk-1 by RNAi delays entry into mitosis in P1, but not in AB, in a manner that is independent of ATL-1/CHK-1. Together, our findings support a model in which differential timing of mitotic entry in C. elegans embryos relies on two complementary mechanisms: ATL-1/CHK-1-dependent preferential retardation in P1 and PLK-1-dependent preferential promotion in AB, which together couple polarity cues and cell cycle progression during early development.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    MAB3580
    Nombre del producto:
    Anti-Green Fluorescent Protein Antibody

  • Regulation of cyclin D2 gene expression by the Myc/Max/Mad network: Myc-dependent TRRAP recruitment and histone acetylation at the cyclin D2 promoter. 11511535

    Myc oncoproteins promote cell cycle progression in part through the transcriptional up-regulation of the cyclin D2 gene. We now show that Myc is bound to the cyclin D2 promoter in vivo. Binding of Myc induces cyclin D2 expression and histone acetylation at a single nucleosome in a MycBoxII/TRRAP-dependent manner. Down-regulation of cyclin D2 mRNA expression in differentiating HL60 cells is preceded by a switch of promoter occupancy from Myc/Max to Mad/Max complexes, loss of TRRAP binding, increased HDAC1 binding, and histone deacetylation. Thus, recruitment of TRRAP and regulation of histone acetylation are critical for transcriptional activation by Myc.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    Múltiplo
    Nombre del producto:
    Múltiplo

  • The Spy1/RINGO family represents a novel mechanism regulating mammary growth and tumorigenesis. 18483240

    Spy1A is a unique cell cycle activator known to mediate cell cycle progression and override the DNA damage response. This study focused on determining the role of this protein on postnatal mammary gland morphogenesis and neoplasia. Herein, we show that Spy1A levels are tightly regulated during mammary gland development and that ectopic expression stimulates precocious development and results in disrupted morphology of the gland. This follows the same trend as the oncogene c-Myc, and we show that Spy1A expression is regulated downstream of c-Myc signaling. Importantly, we show that overexpression of Spy1A accelerates tumorigenesis in vivo. Collectively, this work is the first report that the Spy1/RINGO family of proteins may play an essential role in regulating both normal and abnormal growth processes in the breast.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    MAB1501R
    Nombre del producto:
    Anti-Actin Antibody,clone C4

  • ES cell cycle progression and differentiation require the action of the histone methyltransferase Dot1L. 19544450

    Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) proliferate with rapid cell cycle kinetics but without loss of pluripotency. The histone methyltransferase Dot1L is responsible for methylation of histone H3 at lysine 79 (H3K79me). We investigated whether ESCs require Dot1L for proper stem cell behavior. ESCs deficient in Dot1L tolerate a nearly complete loss of H3K79 methylation without a substantial impact on proliferation or morphology. However, shortly after differentiation is induced, Dot1L-deficient cells cease proliferating and arrest in G2/M-phase of the cell cycle, with increased levels of aneuploidy. In addition, many aberrant mitotic spindles occur in Dot1L-deficient cells. Surprisingly, these mitotic and cell cycle defects fail to trigger apoptosis, indicating that mouse ESCs lack stringent cell cycle checkpoint control during initial stages of differentiation. Transcriptome analysis indicates that Dot1L deficiency causes the misregulation of a select set of genes, including many with known roles in cell cycle control and cellular proliferation as well as markers of endoderm differentiation. The data indicate a requirement for Dot1L function for early stages of ESC differentiation where Dot1L is necessary for faithful execution of mitosis and proper transcription of many genes throughout the genome.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    17-295
    Nombre del producto:
    Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) Assay Kit

  • Large-scale analysis of mRNA translation states during sucrose starvation in arabidopsis cells identifies cell proliferation and chromatin structure as targets of transla ... 16632591

    Sucrose starvation of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cell culture was used to identify translationally regulated genes by DNA microarray analysis. Cells were starved by subculture without sucrose, and total and polysomal RNA was extracted between 6 and 48 h. Probes were derived from both RNA populations and used to screen oligonucleotide microarrays. Out of 25,607 screened genes, 224 were found to be differentially accumulated in polysomal RNA following starvation and 21 were found to be invariant in polysomal RNA while their total RNA abundance was modified. Most of the mRNA appears to be translationally repressed (183/245 genes), which is consistent with a general decrease in metabolic activities during starvation. The parallel transcriptional analysis identifies 268 regulated genes. Comparison of transcriptional and translational gene lists highlights the importance of translational regulation (mostly repression) affecting genes involved in cell cycle and cell growth, these being overrepresented in translationally regulated genes, providing a molecular framework for the arrest of cell proliferation following starvation. Starvation-induced translational control also affects chromatin regulation genes, such as the HD1 histone deacetylase, and the level of histone H4 acetylation was found to increase during starvation. This suggests that regulation of the global nuclear transcriptional activity might be linked to cytoplasmic translational regulations.
    Tipo de documento:
    Referencia
    Referencia del producto:
    06-866
    Nombre del producto:
    Anti-acetyl-Histone H4 Antibody