Characterization of West Nile viruses isolated from captive American Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus ruber) in Medellin, Colombia.
Osorio, JE; Ciuoderis, KA; Lopera, JG; Piedrahita, LD; Murphy, D; Levasseur, J; Carrillo, L; Ocampo, MC; Hofmeister, E
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
87
565-72
2011
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Serum samples from a total of 71 healthy captive birds belonging to 18 species were collected in July of 2008 in Medellin (Colombia) and tested for flaviviruses. Eighteen of 29 samples from American Flamingoes (Phoenicopterus ruber) were positive for West Nile virus (WNV) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Selected positive samples were serially passaged and WNV was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Two isolates (524/08, 9835/08) were characterized in vitro and in vivo. Sequence analysis revealed WNV with 16 nucleotide substitutions resulting in six amino acid changes when compared with the NY99 strain. Colombian (COL) viruses were more closely related to Louisiana isolates from 2001. When compared with attenuated strains isolated from Texas, COL isolates differed in their plaque size and temperature sensitivity phenotype. The COL viruses were pathogenic in embryonated chicken eggs and Balb/c mice. | 22802436
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A PCR-based protocol for the generation of a recombinant West Nile virus.
Akihiko Maeda,Ryo Murata,Minoru Akiyama,Ikuo Takashima,Hiroaki Kariwa,Tomomasa Watanabe,Ichiro Kurane,Junko Maeda
Virus research
144
2009
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Viral reverse genetics, particularly infectious cloning, is a valuable tool with applications to many areas of viral research including the generation of vaccine candidates. However, this technology is sometimes insufficient for the construction cDNA clones as the genome sequences and/or encoding proteins of some viral agents may be toxic to the host cells used for cloning. To circumvent this problem, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based protocol for generating a complete West Nile virus (WNV) cDNA. The fragmented cDNAs were synthesized from WNV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR, and subsequently cloned into plasmids for use as templates for WNV cDNA synthesis. The fragmented cDNAs were amplified and assembled by PCR to generate a full-length WNV cDNA. Using this cDNA as a template, WNV RNA was synthesized in vitro and transfected into mammalian cells. We also examined the generation of a mutant recombinant WNV containing a site-directed mutation within the viral genome sequence. Here, we discuss the possibility of developing a method for the generation of recombinant WNVs. | 19467726
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