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This Anti-DRD4 Antibody, clone 2B9 is validated for use in WB, IC for the detection of DRD4.
More>>This Anti-DRD4 Antibody, clone 2B9 is validated for use in WB, IC for the detection of DRD4. Less<<
Anti-DRD4 Antibody, clone 2B9: SDB (Sicherheitsdatenblätter), Analysenzertifikate und Qualitätszertifikate, Dossiers, Broschüren und andere verfügbare Dokumente.
Five subtypes of dopamine receptors exist in two subfamilies: two D1-like (D1 and D5) and three D2-like (D2, D3 and D4). As members of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, dopamine receptors initiate their biological function by coupling to GTP regulatory proteins (G proteins). D1-like receptors, DRD1 and DRD5, stimulate adenylyl cyclase whereas D2-like receptors, DRD2, DRD3 and DRD4, are coupled to inhibitory G proteins and their stimulation leads to the inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, and subsequent respective cellular signaling. All five subtypes have seven transmembrane domains, an extracellular amino terminus, and an intracellular carboxyl terminus. Allelic variants of the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) are known characterized risk factors of ADHD. It is reported that hypoxia enhances DRD4 promoter activity by several fold. It is also thought that dopamine receptors such as DRD4 are involved in neuroexcitation and in a variety of other neurological and psychiatric disorders.
References
Product Information
Format
Purified
HS Code
3002 15 90
Control
Mouse brain tissue lysate.
Presentation
Purified mouse monoclonal IgG1κ in buffer containing 0.1 M Tris-Glycine (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl with 0.05% sodium azide.
This Anti-DRD4 Antibody, clone 2B9 is validated for use in WB, IC for the detection of DRD4.
Key Applications
Western Blotting
Immunocytochemistry
Application Notes
Western Blot Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL from a representative lot detected DRD4 in 10µg of rat brain tissue lysate.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A representative lot from an independent laboratory detected DRD4 in Ntera-2 cells and in rat brain neurons. (Wolstencroft, E.C., et al. (2007). J Mol Histol. 38(4):333-340.)
Biological Information
Immunogen
Linear peptide corresponding to human DRD4.
Clone
2B9
Concentration
Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
This gene encodes the D4 subtype of the dopamine receptor. The D4 subtype is a G-protein coupled receptor which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is a target for drugs which treat schizophrenia and Parkinson disease. Mutations in this gene have been associated with various behavioral phenotypes, including autonomic nervous system dysfunction, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and the personality trait of novelty seeking. This gene contains a polymorphic number (2-10 copies) of tandem 48 nt repeats; the sequence shown contains four repeats.
FUNCTION: This is one of the five types (D1 to D5) of receptors for dopamine. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase.
SUBUNIT STRUCTURE: Interacts with CLIC6 and GPRASP1.
Evaluated by Western Blot in mouse brain tissue lysate.
Western Blot Analysis: 0.5 µg/mL of this antibody detected DRD4 in 10µg of mouse brain tissue lysate.
Usage Statement
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
Five subtypes of dopamine receptor exist in two subfamilies: two D(1)-like (D(1) and D(5)) and three D(2)-like (D(2), D(3) and D(4)). We produced novel monoclonal antibodies against all three D(2)-like receptors and used them to localize receptors in Ntera-2 (NT-2) cells, the human neuronal precursor cell line. Most of the immunostaining for all three receptors colocalized with mannose-6-phosphate receptor, a marker for late endosomes formed by internalization of the plasma membrane. This result was obtained with antibodies against three different epitopes on the D(3) receptor, to rule out the possibility of cross-reaction with another protein, and controls without primary antibody or in the presence of competitor antigen were completely negative. In rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus, some of the dopamine receptor staining was found in similar structures in neuronal cell cytoplasm. Only some of the neurons were positive for dopamine receptors and the pattern was consistent with previously-reported patterns of innervation by dopamine-producing neurons. Endosomal dopamine receptors may provide a useful method for identifying cell bodies of dopamine-responsive neurons to complement methods that detect only active receptors in the neuronal cell membrane.
