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  • GEL-FREE SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR THE NANOSCALE LC-MS/MS ANALYSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF LOW-NANOGRAM PROTEIN SAMPLES 17763504

    Protein identification at the low nanogram level could in principle be obtained by most nanoscale LC-MS/MS systems. Nevertheless, the complex sample preparation procedures generally required in biological applications, and the consequent high risk of sample losses, very often hamper practical achievement of such low levels. In fact, the minimal amount of protein required for the identification from a gel band or spot, in general, largely exceeds the theoretical limit of identification reachable by nanoscale LC-MS/MS systems. A method for the identification of low levels of purified proteins, allowing limits of identification down to 1 ng when using standard bore, 75 microm id nanoscale LC-MS/MS systems is here reported. The method comprises an offline two-step sample cleanup, subsequent to protein digestion, which is designed to minimize sample losses, allows high flexibility in the choice of digestion conditions and delivers a highly purified peptide mixture even from "real world" digestion conditions, thus allowing the subsequent nanoscale LC-MS/MS analysis to be performed in automated, unattended operation for long series. The method can be applied to the characterization of low levels of affinity purified protei
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    C5737
    Product Catalog Name:
    ZipTip® Pipette Tips

  • Rapid and sensitive determination of protein-nitrotyrosine by ELISA: Application to human plasma. 22276750

    3-Nitrotyrosine (3NT) is known as an important indicator of nitrosative stress and has been linked to various diseases. Our aim was to develop an indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) method suitable for the detection of protein-bound 3NT in clinical plasma and serum samples. Nitrated protein standards and reduced protein standards were prepared. Limit of detection was determined for standards; recovery and reproducibility were determined for human plasma samples. The limit of detection for this method is 1.82±0.56 pmol/mg protein. Mean recovery of standards was 95%. 3NT concentration in plasma samples of obese and normal weight subjects was determined to be between 2 pmol/mg and 19 pmol/mg. No time-consuming sample preparation or expensive laboratory equipment is required, and applied antibodies are commercially available. Sensitivity, rapid analysis time, possibilities of high throughput applications and small sample volumes make this ELISA attractive for use in clinical laboratories.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    06-284
    Product Catalog Name:
    Anti-Nitrotyrosine Antibody

  • Large-Scale Filter-Aided Sample Preparation Method for the Analysis of the Ubiquitinome. 28260372

    Protein ubiquitination regulates key cellular functions, including protein homeostasis and signal transduction. The digestion of ubiquitinated proteins with trypsin yields a glycine-glycine remnant bound to the modified lysine residue (K-ε-GG) that can be recognized by specific antibodies for immunoaffinity purification (IAP) and subsequent identification of ubiquitination sites by mass spectrometry. Previous ubiquitinome studies based on this strategy have consistently digested milligram amounts of protein as starting material using in-solution digestion protocols prior to K-ε-GG enrichment. Filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) surpasses in-solution protein digestion in cleavage efficiency, but its performance has thus far been shown for digestion of sample amounts on the order of micrograms. Because cleavage efficiency is pivotal in the generation of the K-ε-GG epitope recognized during IAP, here we developed a large-scale FASP method (LFASP) for digestion of milligram amounts of protein and evaluated its applicability to the study of the ubiquitinome. Our results demonstrate that LFASP-based tryptic digestion is efficient, robust, reproducible, and applicable to the study of the ubiquitinome. We benchmark our results with state-of-the-art ubiquitinome studies and show a ∼3-fold reduction in the proportion of miscleaved peptides with the method presented here. Beyond ubiquitinome analysis, LFASP overcomes the general limitation in sample capacity of standard FASP-based protocols and can therefore be used for a variety of applications that demand a large(r) amount of starting material.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    UFC901024
    Product Catalog Name:
    Amicon® Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter Unit

  • Spinning-disk confocal microscopy of yeast. 20946826

    Spinning-disk confocal microscopy is an imaging technique that combines the out-of-focus light rejection of confocal microscopy with the high sensitivity of wide-field microscopy. Because of its unique features, it is well suited to high-resolution imaging of yeast and other small cells. Elimination of out-of-focus light significantly improves the image contrast and signal-to-noise ratio, making it easier to resolve and quantitate small, dim structures in the cell. These features make spinning-disk confocal microscopy an excellent technique for studying protein localization and dynamics in yeast. In this review, I describe the rationale behind using spinning-disk confocal imaging for yeast, hardware considerations when assembling a spinning-disk confocal scope, and methods for strain preparation and imaging. In particular, I discuss choices of objective lens and camera, choice of fluorescent proteins for tagging yeast genes, and methods for sample preparation.
    Document Type:
    Reference
    Product Catalog Number:
    Multiple
    Product Catalog Name:
    Multiple
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