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Die folgenden MAPmates™ sollten nicht zusammen analysiert werden: -MAPmates™, die einen unterschiedlichen Assaypuffer erfordern. -Phosphospezifische und MAPmate™ Gesamtkombinationen wie Gesamt-GSK3β und Gesamt-GSK3β (Ser 9). -PanTyr und locusspezifische MAPmates™, z.B. Phospho-EGF-Rezeptor und Phospho-STAT1 (Tyr701). -Mehr als 1 Phospho-MAPmate™ für ein einziges Target (Akt, STAT3). -GAPDH und β-Tubulin können nicht mit Kits oder MAPmates™, die panTyr enthalten, analysiert werden.
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48-602MAG
Buffer Detection Kit for Magnetic Beads
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07-1464
Sigma-AldrichAnti-Rac1 Antibody
Anti-Rac1, Cat. No. 07-1464, is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects Rac1 and is tested for use in Peptide Inhibition Assay and Western Blotting.
More>>Anti-Rac1, Cat. No. 07-1464, is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects Rac1 and is tested for use in Peptide Inhibition Assay and Western Blotting. Less<<
Anti-Rac1 Antibody: SDB (Sicherheitsdatenblätter), Analysenzertifikate und Qualitätszertifikate, Dossiers, Broschüren und andere verfügbare Dokumente.
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (UniProt: P63000; also known as EC:3.6.5.2, Cell migration-inducing gene 5 protein, Ras-like protein TC25, p21-Rac1) is encoded by the RAC1 (also known as TC25, MIG5) gene (Gene ID: 5879) in human. Rac1 is a plasma membrane-associated small GTPase that cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, it binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Two isoforms of Rac1 have been described that are produced by alternative splicing. Rac1b differs from Rac1a in that it has an additional 19 amino acids and is found in various tumors, such as breasts and colorectal. Rac1b has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It can bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK, but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction. Rac1b is predominantly identified in skin and epithelial tissues from the intestinal tract. Its expression is elevated in colorectal tumors at various stages of neoplastic progression, as compared to their respective adjacent tissues. Rac1 is shown to participate in the tumor cell cycle, apoptosis, proliferation, invasion, migration, and angiogenesis, and in the regulation of tumor stem cell, thus promoting the occurrence of tumors. However, it also plays a key role in anti-tumor therapy and participates in immune escape mediated by the tumor microenvironment. (Ref.: Liang, J., et al. (2021). Front. Oncol. 11; 674426; Fiegen, D., et al. (2004). J. Biol. Chem. 279(6); 4743-4749).
References
Product Information
Format
Purified
Control
Immunoblot/Immunoprecipitation: L6 Cell Lysate or Rat brain microsomal protein preparation Immunohistochemistry: Rat brain sections
Presentation
Purified rabbit polyclonal antibody in buffer containing 0.02 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, 0.25 M NaCl, and 0.1% sodium azide
Anti-Rac1, Cat. No. 07-1464, is a rabbit polyclonal antibody that detects Rac1 and is tested for use in Peptide Inhibition Assay and Western Blotting.
Key Applications
Western Blotting
Peptide Inhibition Assay
Application Notes
Tested applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:2,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Rac1 in Rat Brain Membrane preparations and in lysates from L6, A431, and NIH3T3 cells.
Peptide Inhibition Assay: Target band detection in lysate from Rat brain tissue was prevented by preblocking of a representative lot with the immunogen peptide.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biological Information
Immunogen
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 12 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human Rac1.
Concentration
Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Host
Rabbit
Specificity
This rabbit polyclonal antibody detects Rac1 protein. It targets an epitope within 12 amino acids from the C-terminal half.
The protein encoded by this gene is a GTPase which belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins. Members of this superfamily appear to regulate a diverse array of cellular events, including the control of cell growth, cytoskeletal reorganization, and the activation of protein kinases. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene have been described, but the full-length nature of some of these variants has not been determined. [provided by RefSeq]
FUNCTION: Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. FUNCTION: Isoform B has an accelerated GEF-independent GDP/GTP exchange and an impaired GTP hydrolysis, which is restored partially by GTPase-activating proteins. It is able to bind to the GTPase-binding domain of PAK but not full-length PAK in a GTP-dependent manner, suggesting that the insertion does not completely abolish effector interaction. ENZYME REGULATION: Regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) which promote the exchange of bound GDP for free GTP, GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) which increase the GTP hydrolysis activity, and GDP dissociation inhibitors which inhibit the dissociation of the nucleotide from the GTPase. SUBUNIT: Interacts with the GEF proteins PREX1, RASGRF2, DOCK1, DOCK2 and DOCK7, which promote the exchange between GDP and GTP, and therefore activate it. Interacts with PARD6A, PARD6B and PARD6G in a GTP-dependent manner. Part of a quaternary complex containing PARD3, some PARD6 protein (PARD6A, PARD6B or PARD6G) and some atypical PKC protein (PRKCI or PRKCZ), which plays a central role in epithelial cell polarization. Found in a trimeric complex composed of DOCK1 and ELMO1, which plays a central role in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Interacts with RALBP1 via its effector domain. Interacts with PLXNB1. Part of a complex with MAP2K3, MAP3K3, CCM2 and DEF6. Interacts with BAIAP2, CYFIP1/SRA-1 and DEF6. Interacts with Y.pseudotuberculosis YPKA and PLCB2. Interacts with NOXA1. Interacts with ARHGEF2. Interacts with NISCH (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side (By similarity). Melanosome. Note=Inner surface of plasma membrane possibly with attachment requiring prenylation of the C-terminal cysteine (By similarity). Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: 2 named isoforms [FASTA] produced by alternative splicing.
Molecular Weight
~21 kDa observed; 21.45 kDa calculated. Uncharacterized bands may be observed in some lysate(s).
Physicochemical Information
Dimensions
Materials Information
Toxicological Information
Safety Information according to GHS
Safety Information
Product Usage Statements
Quality Assurance
Evaluated by Western Blotting in Rat brain tissue lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:2,000 dilution of this antibody detected Rac1 in Rat brain tissue lysate.
Usage Statement
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
Cellular senescence is a recognized mechanism of tumour suppression; however, its contribution to other pathologies is not well understood. We show that the matricellular protein CCN1 (also known as CYR61; cysteine-rich protein 61), which is dynamically expressed at sites of wound repair, can induce fibroblast senescence by binding to integrin alpha(6)beta(1) and the heparan sulphate proteoglycans (receptors involved in cell adhesion). CCN1 induces DNA damage response pathways and activates p53 and the RAC1-NOX1 complex, which generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). This results in the ROS-dependent activation of the p16(INK4a)/pRb pathway, leading to senescence and concomitant expression of antifibrotic genes. Senescent fibroblasts accumulate in granulation tissues of healing cutaneous wounds and express antifibrotic genes in wild-type mice. These processes are lost in knockin mice that express a senescence-defective Ccn1 mutant, resulting in exacerbated fibrosis. Topical application of CCN1 protein to wounds reverses these defects. Thus, fibroblast senescence is a CCN1-dependent wound healing response in cutaneous injury that functions to curb fibrosis during tissue repair.
