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48-602MAG
Buffer Detection Kit for Magnetic Beads
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Actins are ubiquitous eukaryotic proteins that serve as multi-functional, basic building blocks of cytoskeletal microfilaments. They play critical roles in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell division, cell migration, chromatin remodeling, transcriptional regulation, and vesicle trafficking. These functions are attributed to their ability to form filaments, which can quickly assemble and disassemble depending upon the needs of the cell. At least six different actin types have been reported in mammals. Although actins show about 90% overall sequence homology, isoforms do show spatial, temporal, and tissue-specific expression patterns and only 50-60% homology is found in their 18 N-terminal residues. Beta- and gamma-actins, also known as cytoplasmic actins, are highly conserved in higher animals and are predominantly expressed in non-muscle cells where they control cell structure and motility. They are nearly identical proteins and differ only in four amino acids at the N-terminal region. The other four actin isoforms are typically found in specific adult muscle tissue types. alpha-cardiac and alpha-skeletal actins are expressed in striated cardiac and skeletal muscles, respectively. Alpha and gamma actins are primarily found in vascular smooth muscle and enteric smooth muscles, respectively. It has been shown that under calcium-bound conditions, beta-actin exhibits more dynamic behavior than gamma-actin with higher rates of polymerization and depolymerization. Also, beta- and gamma-actins can readily copolymerize, and the resulting filaments exhibit polymerization and depolymerization rates that vary depending on the ratio of beta- to gamma-actin (Lessard, JL., et al (1988). Cell Motility Cytoskeleton 10(3); 349-362).
References
Product Information
Format
AlexaFluor®488
Control
HeLa cells
Presentation
Purified in PBS with 15 mg/mL BSA and 0.05% NaN3, conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488.
Anti-Actin Antibody, clone C4, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated detects level of Actin & has been published & validated for use in IF.
Key Applications
Immunofluorescence
Application Notes
Immunofluorescence: 1:200-1:1000
Optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user.
Biological Information
Immunogen
Purified chicken gizzard actin (Lessard, 1988).
Epitope
Epitope is conserved in all known actins.
Clone
C4
Concentration
Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Host
Mouse
Specificity
MAB1501X is a pan-actin antibody that binds to an epitope in a highly conserved region of actin; therefore, this antibody reacts with all six isoforms of vertabrate actin (Lessard, 1988). Reacts with both globular (G) and fillimentous (F) forms of actin and does not interfere with actin polymerization to form filaments, at a ratio as high as one antibody per two actin monomers. However, this antibody does increase the extent of polymerization when used at a lower ratio of antibody to actin. In addition to labeling myotubes, anti-actin stains myoblasts and fibroblasts. Although clone C4 is prepared as an antibody to chicken gizzard muscles actin, it reacts with actins from all vertebrates, as well as with Dictyostelium discoideum and Physarum polycephalum actins (Lessard, 1988).
Isotype
IgG1κ
Species Reactivity
Human
Chicken
Species Reactivity Note
Reacts with human. Expected to react with chicken based on 100% homology. Other species have not been tested.
Actin alpha 1 which is expressed in skeletal muscle is one of six different actin isoforms which have been identified. Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in cell motility, structure and integrity. Alpha actins are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus.
FUNCTION: SwissProt: P68133 # Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. SIZE: 377 amino acids; 42051 Da SUBUNIT: Polymerization of globular actin (G-actin) leads to a structural filament (F-actin) in the form of a two-stranded helix. Each actin can bind to 4 others. Interacts with TTID. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. DISEASE: SwissProt: P68133 # Defects in ACTA1 are the cause of nemaline myopathy type 3 (NEM3) [MIM:161800]. Nemaline myopathy (NEM) is a form of congenital myopathy characterized by abnormal thread- or rod-like structures in muscle fibers on histologic examination. The clinical phenotype is highly variable, with differing age at onset and severity. & Defects in ACTA1 are a cause of congenital myopathy with excess of thin myofilaments (CM) [MIM:102610]. & Defects in ACTA1 are a cause of congenital myopathy with fiber-type disproportion (CFTD) [MIM:255310]; also known as congenital fiber-type disproportion myopathy (CFTDM). CFTD is a genetically heterogeneous disorder in which there is relative hypotrophy of type 1 muscle fibers compared to type 2 fibers on skeletal muscle biopsy. However, these findings are not specific and can be found in many different myopathic and neuropathic conditions. SIMILARITY: SwissProt: P68133 ## Belongs to the actin family. MISCELLANEOUS: In vertebrates 3 main groups of actin isoforms, alpha, beta and gamma have been identified. The alpha actins are found in muscle tissues and are a major constituent of the contractile apparatus. The beta and gamma actins coexist in most cell types as components of the cytoskeleton and as mediators of internal cell motility.
Molecular Weight
~43 kDa
Physicochemical Information
Dimensions
Materials Information
Toxicological Information
Safety Information according to GHS
Safety Information
Product Usage Statements
Quality Assurance
Evaluatied on a representative lot by immunofluorescence using HeLa cells.
Usage Statement
Alexa Fluor® is a registered trademark of Molecular Probes, Inc.
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
Storage and Shipping Information
Storage Conditions
Maintain at 2-8°C in undiluted aliquots for up to 1 year after date of receipt.
The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase confers an adverse prognostic influence in pancreatic cancer and represents a new therapeutic target. Koorstra JB, Karikari CA, Feldmann G, Bisht S, Rojas PL, Offerhaus GJ, Alvarez H, Maitra A Cancer Biol Ther
8
618-26. Epub 2009 Apr 22.
2009
BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is a near uniformly lethal disease and a better understanding of the molecular basis of this malignancy may lead to improved therapeutics. The Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is implicated in cellular transformation and tumor progression, although its role in pancreatic cancer has not been previously documented.
